NCGA 2025 Session by the Numbers: Updated Insights for December
December 15, 2025
Your 2025 NCGA Session – Wrapped!
Over the summer, we published our August Legislative Snapshot for the North Carolina General Assembly (NCGA) to give you a sense of how many bills were moving this session. At that time, 97 bills had already been ratified.
Read that post here »
Since then, the NCGA has reconvened in September and October and a few more bills have become law. While the legislature is scheduled to be back in session again this week, Speaker Hall noted at the close of October’s session that he “does not anticipate there being any recorded votes in the House for the remainder of the year.” It is reasonable to assume that the NCGA may not return to session until after the primaries in March, and possibly not until the Short Session begins on April 21, 2026.
As we wrap up the end of the year and look ahead to 2026, we are revisiting Roboro’s Session by the Numbers to share an updated look at the 2025 long session, including how this year compared to previous long sessions, and which Members were the most successful in passing their bills.
Keep reading for your Roboro 2025 NCGA Session by the Numbers – Wrapped!
By the Numbers
✅ 108 Bills (6%) passed in 2025.
Below is an updated snapshot of bill activity this 2025 session.
This shows how many bills have been filed (1,794), how many bills met Crossover back in May (21%), and how many bills have had action since then (13%). We also show how many bills have been ratified, vetoed, and remain in conference.
Remember: Finance, appropriations, and elections bills are exempt from Crossover deadlines. We covered Crossover in detail here and you can review the Crossover summary here.
Quick Take: Our data shows roughly a quarter of bills surviving Crossover, but only 13% of bills have had any action since May, including those bills that are exempt from Crossover. Since August, there have been no veto overrides and no action on the 8 bills that were In Conference at that time.
2025 vs. Previous Long Sessions
📉 Least Productive Session in Recent Memory
Many are saying that 2025 has been the “least productive” session in recent years – but what does the data tell us?
By the numbers, at least, that is correct. Compared to the last 3 long sessions, the NCGA has introduced more bills but has been significantly less likely to pass bills – only 6% of bills passed in 2025, compared to 9% passed by this time in 2023, 11% passed in 2021, and 14% passed in 2019.
Key Insight: Compared to the 2019 Long Session, 2025 had less than half as many bills become law (14% vs 6%). However, 2025 has also seen the General Assembly favoring omnibus bills more – which could be a contributing factor to the low bill passage rate.
Total Bills for the 2025–2026 Biennium
📊 1,794 bills were filed in 2025.
The Senate’s busiest filing day was Tuesday, March 25 - the Senate Bill Filing Deadline:
283 Senate bills were filed on the Senate Bill Filing Deadline Day.
That’s 40% of all Senate bills filed this session in a single day.
The House extended its filing deadline to April 10. In the two weeks leading up to that date:
217 House bills were filed the week of March 31
215 House bills were filed the week of April 7
Key Insight: Nearly half of all House bills this year were filed in the final two weeks before the deadline.
Bills that Have Become Law
🏆 Rep. B. Jones (R), Rep. Chesser (R), and Sen. Daniels (R) are your Top Sponsors for 2025.
Currently, 108 bills have become law: 62 House Bills and 46 Senate Bills. This includes 11 Joint Resolutions.
These measures range from high-profile statewide legislation, including a mini budget, to targeted local bills. Notably, several passed with bipartisan support, often in areas like infrastructure, public safety, and local governance.
Top House Sponsors
In total, 41 House Members have sponsored the 62 House bills that have passed. This is just 1/3 of all House Members.
Of those, 12 House Members are responsible for sponsoring 31 House bills that have passed. In other words, just 10% of all House Members were sponsors for 50% of the House bills that passed.
The top 5 House Sponsors are below. These 5 Representatives are responsible for sponsoring 19 House bills that passed in 2025. In other words, these 5 House Members were sponsors for over 30% of the House bills that passed.
Rep. B. Jones (R) had the greatest number of bills passed (4).
Rep. Chesser (R) had the greatest percentage of bills passed (33%).
Top Senate Sponsors
In total, only 18 Senators sponsored the 46 Senate bills that have passed. This is just 36% of all Senate Members.
Excluding 9 Resolutions (all sponsored by Sen. Rabon), these 18 Senators sponsored 37 Senate bills that passed.
Of those, 11 Senators are responsible for sponsoring 30 of the bills that have passed. In other words, just 22% of Senate Members were sponsors for over 80% of the Senate bills that passed (excluding Resolutions).
The top 5 Senate Sponsors are below. These 5 Senators are responsible for sponsoring 18 of the bills that have passed (excluding Resolutions). In other words, these 5 Senate Members were sponsors for nearly 50% of the Senate bills that passed, not including Resolutions.
Sen. Daniel (R), Sen. Lee (R), and Sen. Rabon (R) each had 4 bills passed.
Sen. Daniel (R) also had the greatest percentage of bills passed (36%).
Member Watch: Across both chambers, these 10 members are the only members who had 3+ Sponsored Bills become law.
Bills that Have Been Vetoed
🚫 15 bills were vetoed by Governor Stein this session.
At the end of July, the NCGA overrode 8 of those vetoes, enacting the measures despite gubernatorial opposition.
With Republicans holding a veto-proof majority in the Senate (30 Rs to 20 Ds) and only one member shy of a veto-proof majority in the House (71 Rs to 49 Ds), we analyzed the past voting records and identified the Democrats most likely to override vetoes. You can read more here (Spoiler alert: we were right).
To recap, here’s the breakdown of Democrats who voted with Republicans to override 8 vetoes in 2025, next to Roboro’s early session analysis:
Member Watch: Roboro’s February predictions correctly identified the key “swing vote” Democrats - every single one of the votes that helped to override vetoes in August: Reps. Willingham (D), Cunningham (D), Majeed (D), and Brockman (D). Note: In November, High Point City Councilwoman Amanda Cook was nominated to serve the remainder of Rep. Brockman’s term.
These 7 bills below are still vetoed:
HB 87 (Educational Choice for Children Act (ECCA)) - Vetoed 8/6
No override votes taken
HB 96 (Expedited Removal of Unauthorized Persons.) - Vetoed 7/9
No override votes taken
HB 171 (Equality in State Agencies/Prohibition on DEI.) - Vetoed 7/3
No override votes taken
SB 50 (Freedom to Carry NC.) - Vetoed 6/20
Senate Override: 30 Aye / 19 No
SB 153 (North Carolina Border Protection Act.) - Vetoed 6/20
Senate Override: 30 Aye / 19 No
SB 227 (Eliminating "DEI" in Public Education.) - Vetoed 7/3
Senate Override: 30 Aye / 19 No
SB 558 (Eliminating "DEI" in Public Higher Ed.) - Vetoed 7/3
Senate Override: 30 Aye / 19 No
Watch out in the Short Session: The General Assembly could still attempt to override the vetoes of these bills when they return for reconvened sessions.
Bills Still in Conference
There are 8 bills that remain in conference – perhaps poised for action when lawmakers return for the Short Session in April 2026.
HB 116 (Local Bd. of Ed. Election Changes.) - S Conf Report Adopted; H Re-ref Com On Rules
HB 434 (Lower Healthcare Costs.) - Conf Com Appointed 6/24
HB 696 (Health Care Practitioner Transparency Act.) - Conf Com Appointed 6/25
SB 257 (2025 Appropriations Act.) - Conf Com Appointed 6/5
SB 401 (NC Farm Act of 2025.) - Conferees Changed 6/30
SB 423 (Title Fraud Prevention.) - Conf Com Appointed 6/23
SB 449 (Fisc Resp & K-20 Tech Plan/Centr Offic Salary.) - Conf Com Appointed 6/24
SB 595 (Various Revenue Laws Changes.) - Conf Com Appointed 7/3
Mark your Calendars – See our Adjournment Resolution Summary. We make it easy to see when the NCGA is coming back, and what bills are up for discussion.
Want More Insights?
Get powerful Member Insights at your fingertips – Schedule a demo today.
Got a data question you’d like the Roboro Team to dig into? Email us at hello@roboro.ai.
Want to stay on top of NCGA trends and bill movement? Sign up for our Newsletter »
